Brahma Sutra ( 1 and 2 )

अथातो ब्रह्मजिज्ञासा |
जन्माद्यस्य यतः |

Thereafter Hence the Deliberation on Brahman From which Birth etc. Of this (universe proceed)


अथातो =अथ +अत:
ब्रह्मजिज्ञासा = Deliberation on Brahman/ Desirous to know about Brahman

अथ = Thereafter
अत: = Hence

जन्माद्यस्य = जन्म + आदि +अस्य
यतः = from which

जन्म = Birth
आदि = etc.
अस्य = of


Brahma Sutra (3)

शास्त्र-योनित्वात् |

Because of being the source of scriptures

शास्त्र - scriptures
योनि - source

Brahma Sutra (4)

तत् तु समन्वयात्  |

That (Brahman) but ( although scriptures have originated from Brahman ) can be understood only from scriptures

तत् = that
 तु = but
समन्वयात्  = because of being the object of implication (from scriptures)


Brahma Sutra (5)

ईक्षतेर्नाशब्दम् |

As perceived and in conformity with the scriptures

ईक्षते: =  Seen or perceived
न = not
अशब्दम् = not mentioned in scriptures

Brahmasutra (6)

गौणश्चेन्नात्मशब्दात् |

Because of being the words from soul; not from any secondary source

गौण: = indirect, secondary, figurative
चेत् = if it be said
न = not
अत्मशब्दात् = because of being the words from soul


Brahmasutra (7)

तन्निष्ठस्यमोक्षोपदेशात् |

Because of being a devotee's preacher of liberation

तन्निष्ठस्य = of the devotee
मोक्ष = liberation 
उपदेश = teaching / instruction


Brahmasutra (8)

हेयत्वावचनाच्च |

Also because of saying nothing that can be disregarded

हेयत्व = fitness to be disregarded
अवचनात् = because of not being said
च = also


Brahmasutra (9)

स्वाप्ययात् |

On account of merging in one's own self

स्व - one's own
अप्यय - entering into (merging)


Brahma Sutra ( 10 and 11 )

गतिसामान्यात् |
श्रुतत्वाच्च |

On account of uniformity of view and that stated in Shruti

गति = view
सामान्यात् = on account of uniformity

श्रुति = lyrics and "what is heard" in general

तत् = that
वाच्च = वाच + च
वाच = said
च = and

Brahma Sutra ( 12 )

आनन्दमयोअभ्यासात् |

HE (The Supreme Self) is habitually The Blissful One

आनन्दमय: = The Blissful One
अभ्यासात् = On account of habit


Brahma Sutra ( 13 )

विकारशब्दान्नेति चेन्न प्राचुर्यात् |

If (it be objected that the term Anandamaya consisting of bliss can) not (denote the supreme Self) because of its being a word denoting a modification or transformation or product (we say that the objection is) not (valid) on account of abundance, (which is denoted by the suffix 'maya').


विकार = modification

शब्दात् = owing to the word

न = not

इति = this

चेत् = if it be argued

न = not

प्राचुर्यात् = because of abundance